Multi-component quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment by LC-MS/MS with fast polarity switching
Natsuyo Asano, Kiyomi Arakawa, Shinjiro Fujita,
Multi-component quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticalsand personal care products in the environment by LC-MS/MS with fast polarity switching
IntroductionPharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)
that are able to analyze multiple classes of compound
constitute a group of emerging contaminants which have
within one analytical procedure. Here we report a new
received considerable attention in recent years. Monitoring
multi-residue UHPLC-ESI-QqQ method that utilizes fast
of PPCPs in the environment is vital as many of these
polarity switching with an optimized chromatographic
compounds are ubiquitous, persistent and biologically
gradient that removes matrix effects and results in excellent
active with recognised endocrine-disruption functions.
ng/L detection levels. Furthermore, we have evaluated the
Given the hazardous nature of these compounds, there is a
performance of polarity switching in comparison to
need to provide fast and sensitive multi-residue methods
Materials and MethodsNatural river and lake water was collected from the Shiga
pre-treatment, at a range of concentration levels (1 –
region (Japan) and spiked, without any sample
Shim-pack XR-ODSIII (2.0 mmI.D. x 50 mmL., 1.6 µm)
0%B (0-6 min) – 80%B (16 min) – 100%B (16.01-18 min) – 0%B (18.01-21 min)
A higher sensitivity triple quadruple mass spectrometer
with fast polarity switching (20 msec) was used for the
(LCMS-8080, Shimadzu, Japan) operating in SRM mode
detection of positively and negatively charged analytes.
Multi-component quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticalsand personal care products in the environment by LC-MS/MS with fast polarity switching
ResultsAnalysis of PPCPs spiked in environmental waterAs a result of the complex matrix in which PPCPs are
analytes at the head of the chromatographic column while
present, the occurrence of ion suppression/enhancement
allowing the interfering environmental matrix to be eluted
can reduce MS/MS detection limits. For this reason, an
optimized gradient was developed that focused target
Before the organic phase was increased, the aqueous mobile phase held at 100% for 6 min.
All compounds were measured by SRM with fast polarity
linearity (R2 > 0.999). The analysis results of 15 PPCPs are
switching (20 msec) for multi-component analysis. Excellent
shown in Table 2, Fig. 2 shows calibration curves for three
limits of quantification were achieved in the range 1 – 50
selected PPCPs: Carbamazepine, Albeterol and Ibprofen.
ng/L for nearly all studied compounds, with outstanding
Table 2 MRM mode parameters and analysis results for each PPCPs.
Multi-component quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticalsand personal care products in the environment by LC-MS/MS with fast polarity switching
Fig. 2 Calibration curves for Carbamazepine (a), Albeterol (b) and Ibprofen (c); (a) was spiked in river water, (b) and (c) were spiked in lake water.
Polarity SwitchingTo evaluate the capability of polarity switching the data
quality obtained was compared to dedicated positive or
Long term stability was investigated by making 100
injections over 10 hours. Polarity switching data indicates
Data quality obtained during polarity switching experiments
excellent stability over the analysis time (Fig. 4, Table 3).
was directly comparable to that achieved during dedicated
Fig. 3 Comparison of polarity switched analysis (a) and non-polarity switched analysis (positive only or negative only analysis) (b).
Fig. 4 Results for area variation across the 100 serial analyses.
Multi-component quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticalsand personal care products in the environment by LC-MS/MS with fast polarity switching
Table 3 Analysis results for respective compounds.
Optimization of the LC gradient program resulted in the reduction of matrix effect and the recoveries of 70 – 120% for almost all studied compounds. Using LCMS-8080, excellent sensitivity and linearity were obtained for PPCPs spiked in environmental water samples. Fast polarity switching results were shown to be comparable to dedicated single polarity experiments for the analysis of PPCPs in environmental samples.
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PHARMACEUTICALS Pharmaceutical & Personal Care Products (PPCPs): Modern society uses products that contain various chemicals for a wide variety of personal health and hygiene uses, including preventing and combating disease, alleviating symptoms from illness and injury, personal comfort, grooming and cosmetic purposes. Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) include medicines,
Deirdre Gallagher has been a practicing trial attorney for seventeen years, representing companies in complex litigation in both Missouri and Illinois. She has tried over 30 cases to verdict in various state and federal courts. Although Ms. Gallagher’s practice encompasses the defense of class actions, mass torts, and toxic exposure