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A Brief Review of Some of the Research Evidence on the Effectiveness of Medical Hypnosis:
Hypnosis Reduces Frequency and Intensity of Migraines
Compared the treatment of migraine by hypnosis and autohypnosis with the
treatment of migraine by the drug prochlorperazine (Stemetil). Results show
that the number of attacks and the number of people who suffered blinding
attacks were significantly lower for the group receiving hypnotherapy than
for the group receiving prochlorperazine. For the group on hypnotherapy, these
two measures were significantly lower when on hypnotherapy than when on the
previous treatment. It is concluded that further trials of hypnotherapy are justified
against some other treatment not solely associated with the ingestion of tablets.
Anderson JA, Basker MA, Dalton R, Migraine and hypnotherapy, International Journal of Clinical & Experimental Hypnosis 1975; 23(1): 48-58. Hypnosis Reduces Pain and Speeds up Recovery from Surgery
Since 1992, we have used hypnosis routinely in more than 1400 patients
undergoing surgery. We found that hypnosis used with patients as an adjunct
to conscious sedation and local anesthesia was associated with improved
intraoperative patient comfort, and with reduced anxiety, pain,
intraoperative requirements for anxiolytic and analgesic drugs, optimal
surgical conditions and a faster recovery of the patient. We reported our
clinical experience and our fundamental research.
[Hypnosis and its application in surgery] Faymonville ME, Defechereux T, Joris J, Adant JP, Hamoir E, Meurisse M, Service d’Anesthesie-Reanimation, Universite de Liege, Rev Med Liege. 1998 Jul;53(7):414-8. Hypnosis Reduces Pain Intensity
Analysis of the simple-simple main effects, holding both group and condition
constant, revealed that application of hypnotic analgesia reduced report of
pain intensity significantly more than report of pain unpleasantness.
Dahlgren LA, Kurtz RM, Strube MJ, Malone MD, Differential effects of hypnotic suggestion on multiple dimensions of pain.Journal of Pain & Symptom Management. 1995; 10(6): 464-70. Hypnosis Reduces Pain of Headaches and Anxiety
The improvement was confirmed by the subjective evaluation data gathered with the use of a questionnaire and by a significant reduction in anxiety scores. Melis PM, Rooimans W, Spierings EL, Hoogduin CA, Treatment of chronic tension-type headache with hypnotherapy: a single-blind time controlled study. Headache 1991; 31(10): 686-9. Hypnosis Lowered Post-treatment Pain in Burn Injuries
Patients in the hypnosis group reported less post treatment pain than did
patients in the control group. The findings are used to replicate earlier studies of
burn pain hypnoanalgesia, explain discrepancies in the literature, and highlight
the potential importance of motivation with this population.
Patterson DR, Ptacek JT, Baseline pain as a moderator of hypnotic analgesia for burn injury treatment. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1997; 65(1): 60-7. Hypnosis Lowered Phantom Limb Pain
Hypnotic procedures appear to be a useful adjunct to established strategies
for the treatment of phantom limb pain and would repay further, more
systematic, investigation. Suggestions are provided as to the factors which
should be considered for a more systematic research program.
Treatment of phantom limb pain using hypnotic imagery. Oakley DA, Whitman LG, Halligan PW, Department of Psychology, University College, London, UK. Hypnosis Has a Reliable and Significant Impact on Acute and Chronic Pain
Hypnosis has been demonstrated to reduce analogue pain, and studies on the
mechanisms of laboratory pain reduction have provided useful applications to
clinical populations. Studies showing central nervous system activity during
hypnotic procedures offer preliminary information concerning possible
physiological mechanisms of hypnotic analgesia. Randomized controlled studies
with clinical populations indicate that hypnosis has a reliable and significant
impact on acute procedural pain and chronic pain conditions.
Methodological issues of this body of research are discussed, as are methods to
better integrate hypnosis into comprehensive pain treatment.
Hypnosis and clinical pain. Patterson DR, Jensen MP, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA 98104 Psychol Bull. 2003 Jul;129(4):495-521. Hypnosis is a Powerful Tool in Pain Therapy and is Biological in Addiction
to Psychological
Attempting to elucidate cerebral mechanisms behind hypnotic analgesia, we
measured regional cerebral blood flow with positron emission tomography in
patients with fibromyalgia, during hypnotically-induced analgesia and resting
wakefulness. The patients experienced less pain during hypnosis than at rest.
The cerebral blood-flow was bilaterally increased in the orbitofrontal and
subcallosial cingulate cortices, the right thalamus, and the left inferior parietal
cortex, and was decreased bilaterally in the cingulate cortex. The observed
blood-flow pattern supports notions of a multifactorial nature of hypnotic
analgesia, with an interplay between cortical and subcortical brain dynamics.
Copyright 1999 European Federation of Chapters of the International
Association for the Study of Pain.
Functional anatomy of hypnotic analgesia: a PET study of patients with fibromyalgia. Wik G, Fischer H, Bragee B, Finer B, Fredrikson M, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institute and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Eur J Pain. 1999 Mar;3(1):7-12. Hypnosis Useful in Hospital Emergency Rooms
Hypnosis can be a useful adjunct in the emergency department setting. Its
efficacy in various clinical applications has been replicated in controlled studies.
Application to burns, pain, pediatric procedures, surgery, psychiatric
presentations (e.g., coma, somatoform disorder, anxiety, and post
traumatic stress), and obstetric situations (e.g., hyperemesis, labor, and
delivery) are described.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2000 May;18(2):327-38, x. The use of hypnosis in emergency medicine. Peebles-Kleiger MJ, Menninger School of Psychiatry and Mental Significantly More Methadone Addicts Quit with Hypnosis. 94% Remained
Narcotic Free
Significant differences were found on all measures. The experimental group had significantly less discomfort and illicit drug use, and a significantly greater
amount of cessation. At six month follow up, 94% of the subjects in the
experimental group who had achieved cessation remained narcotic free.
A comparative study of hypnotherapy and psychotherapy in the treatment of methadone addicts. Manganiello AJ, American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 1984; 26(4): 273-9. Hypnosis Shows 77 Percent Success Rate for Drug Addiction
Treatment has been used with 18 clients over the last 7 years and has shown a 77 percent success rate for at least a 1-year follow-up. 15 were being seen for alcoholism or alcohol abuse, 2 clients were being seen for cocaine addiction, and 1 client had a marijuana addiction Intensive Therapy: Utilizing Hypnosis in the Treatment of Substance Abuse Disorders. Potter, Greg, American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, Jul 2004. Raised Self-esteem & Serenity. Lowered Impulsivity and Anger
In a research study on self-hypnosis for relapse prevention training with chronic
drug/alcohol users. Participants were 261 veterans admitted to Substance
Abuse Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Programs (SARRTPs). individuals
who used repeated self-hypnosis “at least 3 to 5 times a week,” at 7-week
follow-up, reported the highest levels of self-esteem and serenity, and the
least anger/impulsivity, in comparison to the minimal-practice and control
groups.
American Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy (a publication of the American Psychological Association) 2004 Apr;46(4):281-97) Hypnosis For Cocaine Addiction Documented Case Study
Hypnosis was successfully used to overcome a $500 (five grams) per day
cocaine addiction. The subject was a female in her twenties. After approximately
8 months of addiction, she decided to use hypnosis in an attempt to overcome
the addiction itself. Over the next 4 months, she used hypnosis three times
a day and at the end of this period, her addiction was broken, and she has
been drug free for the past 9 years. Hypnosis was the only intervention,
and no support network of any kind was available.
The use of hypnosis in cocaine addiction. Page RA, Handley GW, Ohio State University, Lima, OH USA 45804. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 1993 Oct;36(2):120-3. Healed 41% faster from fracture
Healed significantly faster from surgery Two studies from Harvard Medical School show hypnosis significantly reduces the time it takes to heal. Study One: Six weeks after an ankle fracture, those in the hypnosis group
showed the equivalent of eight and a half weeks of healing.
Study Two: Three groups of people studied after breast reduction surgery.
Hypnosis group healed “significantly faster” than supportive attention group and
control group.
Harvard Medical School, Carol Ginandes and Union Institute in Cincinnati,
Patricia Brooks, Harvard University Gazette Online
at
Hypnosis can drastically improve rehabilitation for stroke patients
Among the major effects of the hypnotic procedure were increases in range of
motion, increased strength, and evidence of reduced spasticity of the
paretic upper limb. These changes were retained at follow-up sessions and
were achieved despite there being no expectation of spontaneous recovery so
long after the stroke event. Subjects also consistently reported an improved
outlook, increased motivation, greater awareness of the paretic limb and
decreased effort to perform motor tasks with the paretic limb. These
qualitative observations support the hypothesis that a hypnotic procedure may
counteract learned non-use of the paretic upper limb after stroke.
HYPNOSIS FOR REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE: SIX CASE STUDIES Solomon Gilbert Diamond,1,2 Orin C. Davis,2 Judith D. Schaechter,2 and Robert D. Howe1 Harvard University, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA 2 Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA Talking to the Amygdala: Reduces Stress and Promotes Natural Healthy
Inner Healing
Recent brain research indicates that it is possible to talk to the amygdala, a key
part of the brain that deals with certain emotions. The inner mind is concerned
with emotion, imagination and memory as well as the autonomic nervous
system which automatically controls our internal organs. By talking to the
amygdala, an experienced hypnotherapist can relax the autonomic nervous
system shutting down, or curtailing the trigger that sets off secretion of the
adrenal and pituitary glands. This gives the body an opportunity to rebuild its
immune system in many chronic illnesses. When a patient is in a hypnotic
trance the amygdala automatically shuts down the rapid alert system and
turns off the stress hormones epinephrine, cortocotropin, and
glucocorticoids. In each case, the technique of relaxation through hypnosis
has proven a highly effective tool in giving the body a chance to heal itself
through its own inherent wisdom system. This is the part of the mind that knows
how to make you breathe and send oxygen to your blood cells.
Warren, Muriel Prince. "Talking to the Amygdala: Expanding the Science of Hypnosis." Hypnosis
Network | Hypnosis CDs by Licensed Hypnotherapists | Does Hypnosis Work. Web. 07 Dec. 2011.
<http://www.hypnosisnetwork.com/articles/talking-to-the-amygdala-expanding-the-science-of-
hypnosis>.
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