Microsoft word - common superficial oral lesions table 1.docx
Common Superficial Oral Lesions TABLE 1 From: Common Oral Lesions: Part I. Superficial Mucosal Lesions. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Feb 15;75(4):501-506.WANDA C. GONSALVES, M.D., ANGELA C. CHI, D.M.D., and BRAD W. NEVILLE, D.D.S., Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina Condition Clinical presentation Treatment Comments Candidiasis4– Pseudomembranous: Topical antifungals (e.g., Can confirm adherent white plaques that nystatin [Mycostatin] diagnosis with oral may be wiped off suspension or troches, exfoliative cytology “Thrush” Erythematous: red macular clotrimazole [Mycelex] (stained with lesions, often with a burning troches, fluconazole periodic acid- sensation [Diflucan] suspension, or Schiff or potassium Perlèche (angular cheilitis): systemic antifungals (e.g., hydroxide), biopsy, erythematous, scaling fluconazole, ketoconazole or culture fissures at the corners of the [Nizoral], itraconazole mouth [Sporanox]) Recurrent Prodrome (itching, burning, Immunocompetent patients Reactivation tingling) lasts approximately usually do not require triggers: labialis10–14 12 to 36 hours, followed by treatment ultraviolet light, eruption of clustered vesicles Topical agents include 1% trauma, fatigue, along the vermilion border penciclovir cream (Denavir) stress, that subsequently rupture, Systemic agents (e.g., menstruation ulcerate, and crust acyclovir [Zovirax], valacyclovir [Valtrex], famciclovir [Famvir]) are most effective if initiated during prodrome or as prophylaxis Recurrent Ulcers surfaced by a Mild cases do not require aphthous yellowish-white treatment stomatitis15– pseudomembrane Fluocinonide gel (Lidex) or surrounded by erythematous triamcinolone acetonide halo (Kenalog in Orabase), amlexanox paste (Aphthasol), chlorhexidine gluconate (Peridex) mouthwash Erythema Migrating lesions with Asymptomatic cases do not migrans18orcentral erythema surrounded require treatment “Geographic by white-to-yellow elevated Symptomatic cases may be tongue” borders; typically on tongue treated with topical or corticosteroids, zinc “Glossitis supplements, or topical migrans” anesthetic rinses Condition Clinical presentation Treatment Comments Elongated filiform papillae Regular tongue brushing or Predisposing tongue19–21 scraping; avoidance of factors include predisposing factors smoking and poor oral hygiene as well as antibiotics and psychotropics Reticular: white, lacy striae Asymptomatic cases do not Buccal lesions planus22 require treatment typical in reticular Erosive: erythema and ulcers Symptomatic cases may be form; other sites with peripheral radiating treated with a topical (e.g., tongue, striae, erythematous and corticosteroid gel or mouth gingiva) may be ulcerated gingiva involved
Information from references 4 through 22.
Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactionsin Hospitalized PatientsJason Lazarou, MSc; Bruce H. Pomeranz, MD, PhD; Paul N. Corey, PhD Objective.— To estimate the incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reac- Definitions Data Sources.— Four electronic databases were searched from 1966 to 1996. Study Selection.— Of 153, we selected 39 prospective studies from US not use the following spe
Justice Md. Imman Ali Do children have rights? The answer is too obvious. As citizens of the country they have all the rights as any other adult citizen, subject to embargos imposed by specific laws requiring attainment of majority. Article 27 of the Constitution provides, ‘All citizens are equal before law and are entitled to equal protection of law.’ Article 31 provides, ‘To